A virtual power plant (VPP) is a decentralized power plant that aggregates power from different technologies using a grid cloud. Its main objective is to enhance power dispatching capabilities and facilitate the activation of free market transactions in electricity. Virtual power plants can be found in the United States, Europe, and Australia. A virtual power plant is not a traditional power plant. Instead, it is a smart energy system that combines various resources, such as adjustable loads, energy storage, microgrids, electric vehicles, and distributed energy sources, among others. This system operates in different spaces, achieving autonomous coordinated optimization and control, and participates in the operation of the electric power system and the trading of the electric power market.

Virtual power plant projects in Germany, the United States, and Australia have all developed different business models to help people use electrical energy more efficiently.

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